What are the basic organic molecules that combine to form proteins?

The basic organic molecules that combine to form proteins are amino acids. Proteins are macromolecules composed of long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Each protein's unique sequence of amino acids determines its structure and function. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in various ways to produce a diverse array of proteins, each with specific roles in the body, such as enzymes, hormones, and structural components.

The other options listed are not involved in protein synthesis. Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, nucleotides serve as the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and monosaccharides are the simplest forms of carbohydrates. While all of these organic molecules are essential for various biological functions, only amino acids directly relate to the formation of proteins.