What condition is characterized by the hardening of arteries?

The condition characterized by the hardening of arteries is arteriosclerosis. This term broadly refers to a group of diseases that result in the hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. As arteries become rigid, it can negatively impact blood flow and increase the risk of cardiovascular issues such as heart attack and stroke.

Arteriosclerosis can manifest in various forms, with atherosclerosis being a specific type that involves the buildup of plaques within the arterial walls, which is a contributing factor to heart disease. The distinction is important because while atherosclerosis is often referenced when discussing issues related to cholesterol and plaque formation, arteriosclerosis encompasses the general hardening process of the arteries, regardless of its causes.

In contrast, the other options involve different cardiovascular conditions: hypotension refers to low blood pressure, while hypertension indicates high blood pressure. Both are related to blood flow dynamics but do not specifically describe arterial hardening. Understanding these differences is crucial for grasping the complexities of cardiovascular health.