What effect does glucagon have on blood sugar levels?

Glucagon plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and is the hormone responsible for increasing blood sugar levels. It is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and is released when blood glucose levels fall below a certain threshold, such as during fasting or intense exercise.

When glucagon is released, it signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose through a process known as glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. As a result, both of these processes lead to an increase in the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream, thereby raising blood sugar levels to ensure that the body has a readily available source of energy for vital functions, particularly during periods of low glucose availability.

In contrast, insulin, which is secreted in response to high blood sugar levels, acts to lower those levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells. Understanding the distinct roles of glucagon and insulin is crucial for comprehending how the body maintains glucose homeostasis. Thus, the primary effect of glucagon is to elevate blood sugar levels when they are low.