What hormone is produced by the liver that increases protein synthesis?

The hormone produced by the liver that increases protein synthesis is Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-1). IGF-1 plays a crucial role in growth and development, as well as in regulating metabolism. It is primarily produced in response to growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1. This hormone has important effects on various tissues, particularly in promoting cell growth, cell division, and increasing protein synthesis.

Through its action, IGF-1 enhances muscle growth and repair, making it vital for athletes and individuals engaged in resistance training or rehabilitation. Additionally, IGF-1 influences the uptake of amino acids, therefore increasing protein synthesis in muscle cells.

The other hormones listed have different primary functions that do not directly relate to the increase in protein synthesis in a manner similar to IGF-1. Insulin, for instance, does also promote protein synthesis; however, IGF-1 is specifically notable for its significant role in this process as a mediator of growth hormone’s influence, highlighting its importance in this context.