Which hormone has concentrations among men that are significantly higher than in women?

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and body hair growth. In men, testosterone levels are significantly higher than in women due to the testes producing this hormone in much greater quantities than ovaries.

Men typically have testosterone levels ranging from approximately 300 to 1,000 ng/dL, while women have much lower levels, generally ranging from about 15 to 70 ng/dL. This stark difference in levels is a fundamental aspect of male physiology, influencing not just reproductive health, but also overall physical and behavioral characteristics.

On the other hand, estrogen and progesterone are considered primary female sex hormones, with their concentrations being higher in women and playing key roles in menstrual cycles, reproductive health, and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Cortisol, while present in both men and women, does not have the same pronounced gender-specific differences in baseline concentrations as testosterone does. Therefore, when considering hormonal differences between genders, testosterone stands out as the hormone with significantly higher concentrations in men compared to women.