Which of the following listed risk factors is associated with arteriosclerosis?

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by the thickening and stiffening of arterial walls, which can lead to reduced blood flow and a range of cardiovascular problems. Among the factors listed, obesity is closely linked to the development of arteriosclerosis.

Obesity is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including increased levels of inflammation, dyslipidemia (unhealthy levels of cholesterol and triglycerides), and insulin resistance. These factors can contribute to endothelial dysfunction—the early stage of vascular disease—which is pivotal in the development of arteriosclerosis. Moreover, excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, can lead to higher blood pressure and an overall greater workload on the heart, thus accelerating the process of arteriosclerosis.

In contrast, high HDL-cholesterol is considered protective against cardiovascular disease, as it helps transport cholesterol away from arteries. Insomnia does not have a direct causative relationship with arteriosclerosis, although it may contribute to other health issues that could indirectly affect cardiovascular health. Hypoglycemia, while concerning in other contexts, does not directly relate to arteriosclerosis and is typically more associated with diabetes management.

Therefore, the linkage of obesity to inflammatory processes and metabolic dysfunction makes it a significant risk factor for the development of arteriosclerosis.